How to Choose a Teaching Program

A bachelor’s degree and certification program might be a good fit if: 

You know what subject or grade level you want to teach. 

With a bachelor’s degree and certification program, you can:

• Complete your teaching program as part of earning your bachelor’s degree.
• Reduce the total cost and time you spend working toward your certification.

Most colleges and universities that have an undergraduate teaching program also have a "traditional" postgraduate master's and certification or certificate-only program. 

A postgraduate program might be a good fit if:

You decide later in college or after earning a degree that you want to teach in a field closely related to your undergraduate major. 

With a post-graduate traditional certification program, you can:

• Choose between a shorter “certification-only” route or a more in-depth master’s degree route. Certification-only programs generally take 1-2 years. Master’s degree programs can take anywhere from 1-4 years.
• Start teaching with a higher salary, if you earn a master’s degree.
• Gain even greater knowledge of your content and practice teaching before you become a “teacher of record” (a.k.a. the primary adult in the classroom). 
• Explore full-time and part-time program options.
• Control when you enroll in your program.

If you have a bachelor's degree, alternative certification lets you start teaching before you get certified.

A post-graduate alternative certification program might be a good fit if:

• You have a bachelor's degree.
• You've worked in a school before or are changing careers.
• You have experience in the subject area you want to teach.

With a post-graduate alternative certification program, you can:

• Start teaching right away and earn a full salary.
• Take classes outside of school hours.

Teacher residencies are based on the medical residency model, where hands-on practice and theory are deeply integrated.

A teacher residency might be a good fit if: 

• You want a lot of hands-on practice and mentorship support.
• You need a more affordable teaching program option.

With a teacher residency, you can:

• Complete a full-year classroom apprenticeship alongside a mentor teacher, as well as master’s degree coursework. 
• Earn a stipend during your first year, in exchange for a multi-year commitment to teaching. 
• Get prepared to succeed in a high-needs school.

Other things to know about teacher residency programs:

• You'll need at least a bachelor's degree to enroll in a teacher residency program.
• Teacher residencies typically operate with a structured, once-a-year start, with a close cohort of others in the program. 

What is hands-on, pre-service experience? 

Pre-service experience refers to any teaching practice you get before you lead your own classroom. This experience can come in a variety of forms. 

Pre-service experience in traditional certification programs

In traditional bachelor’s or master's degree programs, your pre-service program typically includes one or two semesters of working in an experienced teacher’s classroom. This is usually called "student teaching" and often occurs during your final year.

Pre-service experience in alternative certification programs

In an alternative certification program, you’ll teach your own class while you earn your certification. Some alternative certification programs also offer pre-service practice (with an experienced teacher) for a semester or during summer school. Make sure you understand the hands-on experience components before you enroll in your program! 

Pre-service experience in teacher residency programs

Residency programs usually offer a full year of pre-service teaching experience. This includes some practice during the summer, followed by a “clinical year” working in a school full-time.  

Why is hands-on experience important? 

Teachers are more likely to feel prepared for their first year in the classroom if they get plenty of classroom experience as a part of their prep program. Opportunities to observe other teachers and to practice teaching can make all the difference for early-career educators. 

As a rule, more pre-service experience is better, but quality definitely matters. 

Make sure to ask any prospective programs about what their pre-service experience entails, including:

• How long it lasts.
• How the program selects mentor teachers.
• How you will receive feedback on your practice.

What does “teaching diverse populations” mean? 

Your teaching program should prepare you to teach students with diverse learning styles, cultural backgrounds, and social and emotional needs.

Preparation to teach diverse populations can include: 

• Coursework that specifically addresses the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse student populations.
• Training on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) or trauma.
• Coaching and feedback on culturally relevant pedagogy. 
• Learning how unconscious biases can lead to disproportionately disciplining some students, especially students of color.
• How to check for biases when teaching.

Why is preparation to teach diverse populations important? 

Houston is home to some of the most diverse students in the nation. With a growing immigrant population and over 145 languages spoken, diversity is a key strength and core value of the community.

Many students, especially those experiencing poverty, come to school impacted by trauma. Trauma can cause students to enter "fight or flight" mode more often, making it harder for them to absorb lessons. There’s a growing body of research helping educators understand how to effectively support these students, so that they are able to thrive in school.

Ask teaching programs about how they prepare teachers to work with diverse students, including:

• What, if any, required courses focus on diverse populations.
• What hands-on practice you’ll get working with diverse students.
• What skills you’ll build to work with diverse students.

What does “mentoring and coaching” mean? 

Your teaching program should provide an experienced and highly effective mentor, teacher and coach to give meaningful feedback during your training process. 

Mentorship in the classroom

Most programs will put you in a classroom under the supervision of a mentor, master or host teacher (different names for essentially the same thing) during your pre-service experience.

You will generally start off observing and then start teaching more and more. Mentor teachers give you constructive feedback to help you grow in ability and confidence.

Program coaches

Programs also send coaches to visit and observe you in your classroom at regular intervals. Coaches can give you additional feedback and help you think through challenges you're experiencing. 

Sometimes, coaches will visit you even after your pre-service experience is over, when you’re the primary teacher in a classroom. 

Preventing burnout 

Some teaching programs also dive into how stress might impact your well-being, and how to develop tools to keep you healthy and thriving in the classroom. After all, teaching—like all impactful professions—is challenging. Having strategies for self-care will help you avoid burnout. 

Why is mentoring and coaching important?

When you’re starting out as a teacher, you want to learn from someone whose work you want to emulate. Many teachers will tell you that having a mentor teacher, especially a mentor in a similar subject area and grade level, is critical for success. 

Your mentor teacher will have a big impact on the kind of teacher you’ll become, your attitude toward teaching and your professional growth mindset. 

Ask prospective programs about their mentoring and coaching support, including:

• How they select mentor teachers and coaches.
• How they match you with a mentor teacher or coach.
• What they expect from mentor teachers and coaches.
• How they ensure that mentor teachers and coaches model effective practices and give helpful feedback. 
• How they help teacher candidates learn to manage stress and avoid burnout. 
• Whether they provide any continued support during your first few years as a teacher.

What does “commitment to improvement” mean?

Your teaching program should show commitment to continuous improvement of its teacher preparation practices. This might be the hardest criteria to spot as you shop for programs. 

Programs with a strong commitment to improvement might: 

• Ask for regular feedback from students, recent alumni, partner schools and districts. 
• Research data on child development and learning styles. 
• Actively work to recruit and retain diverse teacher candidates, mentors, professors and instructors. 
• Partner with diverse schools, districts and professional enrichment programs.
• Set clear goals and standards for student achievement and skill-building. 
• Make changes in response to current events in education, policy and cultural shifts. 

Why is commitment to improvement important? 

Our world is changing rapidly, and so are the skills you’ll need to teach students. To be prepared for the classrooms of today and tomorrow, you’ll want your program to be up-to-date on research about childhood development, serving diverse populations and how humans learn and grow. This benefits you and your future students!

You can ask prospective programs about their improvement practices, including: 

• How they collect, share and use research and data with teaching faculty and students.
• How they gather feedback from students and alumni.
• How they assess partnerships with schools and districts.
• How they respond to school and district needs. 
• How they stay up-to-date on effective, relevant educational practices. 
• What their goals are for their teaching programs’ growth.